[1] 柏树令,应大君. 系统解剖学[M]. 人民卫生出版社, 2012:73
[2] Moinian M, Meyer WW, Lind J. Diameters of umbilical cord vessels and the weight of the cord in relation to clamping time. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1969; 105:604.
[3] Patel D, Dawson M, Kalyanam P, et al. Umbilical cord circumference at birth. Am J Dis Child 1989; 143:638.
[4] Naeye RL. Umbilical cord length: clinical significance. J Pediatr 1985; 107:278.
[5] Ananth CV, Oyelese Y, Yeo L, et al. Placental abruption in the United States, 1979 through 2001: temporal trends and potential determinants. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 192:191.
[6] Khati, Nadia J.; Enquist, Erik G.; Javitt, Marcia C. (1998). "Imaging of the Umbilicus and Periumbilical Region". Radiographics. 18 (2): 413–4.
[7] "Anatomy & Physiology". Openstax college at Connexions. Retrieved November 16, 2013.